Spinal surgery - lumbar

Definition

Lumbar spinal surgery is used to correct problems with the spinal bones (vertebrae), disks, or nerves of the lower back (lumbar spine).

See also:

Spinal fusion

Spinal surgery - cervical

Alternative Names

Lumbar spinal surgery

Description

The spine consists of bones (vertebrae) separated by soft cushions (disks). Pressure on the nerves that branch off the spinal cord can produce pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.

Lumbar spinal surgery is done while you are under general anesthesia (unconscious and pain-free). A surgical cut is made over the area of the problem. The bone that curves around and covers the spinal cord and the tissue that presses on the nerve or spinal cord are removed.

The hole through which the nerve passes may be widened to prevent further pressure on the nerve. Sometimes, spinal fusion is necessary to stabilize the area.

Why the Procedure is Performed

Patients with spinal pain in the neck or back are usually treated conservatively before surgery is considered. This includes bedrest, traction, anti-inflammatory medications (nonsteroid and steroid), physical therapy, braces, and exercise. Maintaining good health, muscle strength, and body posture with appropriate rest and exercise help prevent unnecessary strain on the spine and muscles.

Symptoms of lumbar spine problems that may require surgery at some point include:

• Pain that extends (radiates) from the back to the buttocks or back of thigh
• Pain that interferes with daily activities
• Weakness of legs or feet
• Numbness of legs, feet, or toes
• Loss of bowel or bladder control

Immediately call your health care provider or go to the local emergency room if you have numbness in your groin area and problems with urinary or bowel control. This could suggest cauda equina syndrome, which is a medical emergency.

Risks

Risks for any anesthesia include the following:

• Reactions to medications
• Problems breathing

Risks for any surgery include the following:

• Bleeding
• Infection

Additional risks of spinal surgery include the following:

• Nerve damage leading to paralysis
• Blood clots
• Muscle weakness
• Loss of bowel or bladder control

Outlook (Prognosis)

The outcome depends on the source of the problem or the extent of the injury but most patients do very well after surgery.

Recovery

How long you must stay in the hospital depends on the type of spinal surgery performed. Some people only say overnight, while others must stay in much longer.

You will be encouraged to walk the first or second day after surgery to reduce the risk of blood clots (deep venous thrombosis).

Complete recovery takes about 5 weeks. Heavy work is not recommended until several months after surgery or not at all.